Oil prices rise as U.S. and Iran fight for control of Strait of Hormuz
出典: CNBC
Oil prices surged sharply on Monday after President Donald Trump announced the reimposition of a naval blockade against Iran, reigniting tensions over control of the Strait of Hormuz. Brent crude futures climbed 9.6% to close at $83.30 per barrel, marking the international benchmark's strongest single-day performance since May 2020. West Texas Intermediate futures also rose 9.4%, settling at $78.14 per barrel, reflecting deep market concern over the security of one of the world's most critical oil shipping routes.
Trump declared the reinstatement of what he called 'the Iranian Blockade,' clarifying it would only restrict Iranian ships and their customers from using the strait, while all other nations would retain free and open access. The president also demanded that countries using the strait under U.S. protection reimburse Washington the equivalent of 20% of all cargo shipped through it. This announcement followed a weekend of intense military exchanges between U.S. and Iranian forces in the region.
Over the weekend, the U.S. military launched multiple waves of airstrikes against Iran, hitting 140 targets on Saturday and conducting another wave on Sunday, according to U.S. Central Command. These strikes were a direct response to an attack by Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps on a container ship transiting the Hormuz corridor. Iran retaliated by striking U.S. military facilities in Jordan, Kuwait, Bahrain, and Oman, significantly escalating the conflict between the two nations.
Iranian state media claimed the Revolutionary Guard had closed the Strait of Hormuz indefinitely, but the U.S. military firmly disputed this, stating that traffic was still flowing and that the strait remained open to all vessels lawfully transiting. Centcom asserted that U.S. forces were positioned to guarantee freedom of navigation and that Iran had no authority to close the international waterway. Maritime intelligence firm Windward tracked nine ships that successfully transited the strait on Saturday.
The broader conflict stems from a dispute over how the Strait of Hormuz was meant to reopen following an interim peace deal signed by the U.S. and Iran on June 17. Iran insists ships must use a northern route through its territorial waters, while the U.S. backs the southern corridor. Before hostilities began in late February, roughly 20% of the world's oil supplies passed through Hormuz, making its status a critical concern for global energy markets and international trade.
日本語訳
月曜日、ドナルド・トランプ大統領がイランに対する海上封鎖の再発動を発表すると、ホルムズ海峡の支配権をめぐる緊張が再燃し、原油価格が急騰した。北海ブレント原油先物は9.6%上昇し、1バレル83.30ドルで引け、2020年5月以来最大の1日上昇率を記録した。WTI先物も9.4%高の78.14ドルとなり、世界の重要な石油輸送路の安全に対する市場の深刻な懸念が示された。
トランプ大統領は「イラン封鎖」の再発動を宣言し、対象はイランの船舶と顧客に限定され、他の国々は引き続き自由に海峡を使用できると説明した。さらに、米国の保護のもとで海峡を通過する国々に対し、輸送貨物の20%相当の費用を負担するよう要求した。この発表は、週末に米国とイランの間で激しい軍事的応酬が繰り広げられた直後に行われた。
週末、米軍は土曜日に140か所の目標を攻撃し、日曜日にも追加の空爆を実施したと米中央軍が発表した。これらの攻撃は、イラン革命防衛隊がホルムズ海峡を通過するコンテナ船を攻撃したことへの直接的な報復だった。イランはヨルダン、クウェート、バーレーン、オマーンにある米軍施設を攻撃し、両国間の緊張はさらに高まった。
イランの国営メディアは革命防衛隊がホルムズ海峡を無期限封鎖したと主張したが、米軍はこれを強く否定し、通行は続いており、合法的に通過しようとするすべての船舶に対して海峡は開かれていると述べた。米中央軍は航行の自由を保障する態勢が整っていると強調し、イランに海峡を封鎖する権限はないと断言した。海洋情報会社ウィンドワードは、土曜日に9隻の船が海峡を通過したと確認した。
今回の対立の根底には、6月17日に米国とイランが締結した暫定和平合意のもとでホルムズ海峡がどのように再開されるべきかをめぐる解釈の相違がある。イランは自国の領海を通る北側ルートの使用を主張するが、米国は南側の回廊を支持している。敵対行為が始まる前、世界の石油供給量の約20%がホルムズ海峡を経由しており、その行方は世界のエネルギー市場と国際貿易にとって死活的な問題となっている。
重要単語・フレーズ
- reimposeverb
To put a rule, restriction, or measure back into effect after it had previously been lifted or removed.
和訳: 再び課す・再発動する
The government threatened to reimpose economic sanctions if the treaty terms were violated.
- naval blockadenoun
A military operation in which naval forces are used to prevent ships from entering or leaving an area, typically to cut off supplies or trade.
和訳: 海上封鎖
The naval blockade effectively halted the flow of imported goods to the coastal nation.
- international benchmarknoun
A widely recognized standard or reference point used to measure or compare performance, especially in financial markets.
和訳: 国際的な基準指標
Brent crude serves as the international benchmark for oil pricing in global trade negotiations.
- retaliationnoun
Action taken in response to a harmful or unfair act, intended to punish or pay back the other party.
和訳: 報復・仕返し
The trade tariffs were introduced in retaliation for the rival country's export restrictions.














